Finally, we found that having children focus on the process that leads to learning (like hard work or trying new strategies) could foster a growth mindset and its benefits. And when students learned through a structured program that they could “grow their brains” and increase their intellectual abilities, they did better. More precisely, students who believed their intelligence could be developed (a growth mindset) outperformed those who believed their intelligence was fixed (a fixed mindset). We found that students’ mindsets-how they perceive their abilities-played a key role in their motivation and achievement, and we found that if we changed students’ mindsets, we could boost their achievement. However, my colleagues and I learned things we thought people needed to know. I say “secretly” because, once upon a time, researchers simply published their research in professional journals-and there it stayed. For many years, I secretly worked on my research.
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